Package java.lang
Object
, which is the root of the class hierarchy, and
Class
, instances of which represent classes at run time.
Frequently it is necessary to represent a value of primitive
type as if it were an object. The wrapper classes Boolean
,
Character
, Integer
, Long
, Float
,
and Double
serve this purpose. An object of type
Double
, for example, contains a field whose type is double,
representing that value in such a way that a reference to it can be
stored in a variable of reference type. These classes also provide
a number of methods for converting among primitive values, as well
as supporting such standard methods as equals and hashCode. The
Void
class is a non-instantiable class that holds a
reference to a Class
object representing the type void.
The class Math
provides commonly used mathematical
functions such as sine, cosine, and square root. The classes
String
, StringBuffer
, and StringBuilder
similarly
provide commonly used operations on character strings.
Classes ClassLoader
, Process
,
ProcessBuilder
, Runtime
, SecurityManager
, and
System
provide "system operations" that manage the dynamic
loading of classes, creation of external processes, host
environment inquiries such as the time of day, and enforcement of
security policies.
Class Throwable
encompasses objects that may be thrown
by the throw
statement. Subclasses of Throwable
represent errors and exceptions.
Character Encodings
The specification of thejava.nio.charset.Charset
class describes the naming conventions
for character encodings as well as the set of standard encodings
that must be supported by every implementation of the Java
platform.- Since:
- 1.0
-
InterfaceDescriptionAn object to which
char
sequences and values can be appended.An object that may hold resources (such as file or socket handles) until it is closed.ACharSequence
is a readable sequence ofchar
values.A class implements theCloneable
interface to indicate to theObject.clone()
method that it is legal for that method to make a field-for-field copy of instances of that class.Comparable<T>This interface imposes a total ordering on the objects of each class that implements it.Iterable<T>Implementing this interface allows an object to be the target of the enhancedfor
statement (sometimes called the "for-each loop" statement).ProcessHandle identifies and provides control of native processes.Information snapshot about the process.AReadable
is a source of characters.TheRunnable
interface should be implemented by any class whose instances are intended to be executed by a thread.AStackFrame
object represents a method invocation returned byStackWalker
.System.Logger
instances log messages that will be routed to the underlying logging framework theLoggerFinder
uses.Interface for handlers invoked when aThread
abruptly terminates due to an uncaught exception. -
ClassDescriptionThe Boolean class wraps a value of the primitive type
boolean
in an object.TheByte
class wraps a value of primitive typebyte
in an object.TheCharacter
class wraps a value of the primitive typechar
in an object.Instances of this class represent particular subsets of the Unicode character set.A family of character subsets representing the character blocks in the Unicode specification.Class<T>Instances of the classClass
represent classes and interfaces in a running Java application.A class loader is an object that is responsible for loading classes.ClassValue<T>Lazily associate a computed value with (potentially) every type.Deprecated, for removal: This API element is subject to removal in a future version.JIT compilers and their technologies vary too widely to be controlled effectively by a standardized interface.TheDouble
class wraps a value of the primitive typedouble
in an object.This is the common base class of all Java language enumeration classes.Enum.EnumDesc<E extends Enum<E>>A nominal descriptor for anenum
constant.TheFloat
class wraps a value of primitive typefloat
in an object.This class extendsThreadLocal
to provide inheritance of values from parent thread to child thread: when a child thread is created, the child receives initial values for all inheritable thread-local variables for which the parent has values.TheInteger
class wraps a value of the primitive typeint
in an object.TheLong
class wraps a value of the primitive typelong
in an object.The classMath
contains methods for performing basic numeric operations such as the elementary exponential, logarithm, square root, and trigonometric functions.Represents a run-time module, eithernamed
or unnamed.A layer of modules in the Java virtual machine.Controls a module layer.The abstract classNumber
is the superclass of platform classes representing numeric values that are convertible to the primitive typesbyte
,double
,float
,int
,long
, andshort
.ClassObject
is the root of the class hierarchy.Represents metadata about a run-time package associated with a class loader.Process
provides control of native processes started by ProcessBuilder.start and Runtime.exec.This class is used to create operating system processes.Represents a source of subprocess input or a destination of subprocess output.This is the common base class of all Java language record classes.Every Java application has a single instance of classRuntime
that allows the application to interface with the environment in which the application is running.A representation of a version string for an implementation of the Java SE Platform.This class is for runtime permissions.The security manager is a class that allows applications to implement a security policy.TheShort
class wraps a value of primitive typeshort
in an object.An element in a stack trace, as returned byThrowable.getStackTrace()
.A stack walker.The classStrictMath
contains methods for performing basic numeric operations such as the elementary exponential, logarithm, square root, and trigonometric functions.TheString
class represents character strings.A thread-safe, mutable sequence of characters.A mutable sequence of characters.TheSystem
class contains several useful class fields and methods.TheLoggerFinder
service is responsible for creating, managing, and configuring loggers to the underlying framework it uses.A thread is a thread of execution in a program.A thread group represents a set of threads.ThreadLocal<T>This class provides thread-local variables.TheThrowable
class is the superclass of all errors and exceptions in the Java language.TheVoid
class is an uninstantiable placeholder class to hold a reference to theClass
object representing the Java keyword void. -
Enum ClassDescriptionA family of character subsets representing the character scripts defined in the Unicode Standard Annex #24: Script Names.The type of a
ProcessBuilder.Redirect
.Stack walker option to configure the stack frame information obtained by aStackWalker
.System loggers levels.A thread state. -
ExceptionDescriptionThrown when an exceptional arithmetic condition has occurred.Thrown to indicate that an array has been accessed with an illegal index.Thrown to indicate that an attempt has been made to store the wrong type of object into an array of objects.Thrown to indicate that the code has attempted to cast an object to a subclass of which it is not an instance.Thrown when an application tries to load in a class through its string name using: The
forName
method in classClass
.Thrown to indicate that theclone
method in classObject
has been called to clone an object, but that the object's class does not implement theCloneable
interface.Thrown when an application tries to access an enum constant by name and the enum type contains no constant with the specified name.The classException
and its subclasses are a form ofThrowable
that indicates conditions that a reasonable application might want to catch.An IllegalAccessException is thrown when an application tries to reflectively create an instance (other than an array), set or get a field, or invoke a method, but the currently executing method does not have access to the definition of the specified class, field, method or constructor.Thrown to indicate that a method has been passed an illegal or inappropriate argument.Thrown to indicate that a method has been called by an inappropriate caller.Thrown to indicate that a thread has attempted to wait on an object's monitor or to notify other threads waiting on an object's monitor without owning the specified monitor.Signals that a method has been invoked at an illegal or inappropriate time.Thrown to indicate that a thread is not in an appropriate state for the requested operation.Thrown to indicate that an index of some sort (such as to an array, to a string, or to a vector) is out of range.Thrown when an application tries to create an instance of a class using thenewInstance
method in classClass
, but the specified class object cannot be instantiated.Thrown when a thread is waiting, sleeping, or otherwise occupied, and the thread is interrupted, either before or during the activity.Thrown when creating a module layer fails.Thrown if an application tries to create an array with negative size.Signals that the class doesn't have a field of a specified name.Thrown when a particular method cannot be found.Thrown when an application attempts to usenull
in a case where an object is required.Thrown to indicate that the application has attempted to convert a string to one of the numeric types, but that the string does not have the appropriate format.Common superclass of exceptions thrown by reflective operations in core reflection.RuntimeException
is the superclass of those exceptions that can be thrown during the normal operation of the Java Virtual Machine.Thrown by the security manager to indicate a security violation.Thrown byString
methods to indicate that an index is either negative or greater than the size of the string.Thrown when an application tries to access a type using a string representing the type's name, but no definition for the type with the specified name can be found.Thrown to indicate that the requested operation is not supported. -
ErrorDescriptionThrown when an application tries to call an abstract method.Thrown to indicate that an assertion has failed.Thrown to indicate that an
invokedynamic
instruction or a dynamic constant failed to resolve its bootstrap method and arguments, or forinvokedynamic
instruction the bootstrap method has failed to provide a call site with a target of the correct method type, or for a dynamic constant the bootstrap method has failed to provide a constant value of the required type.Thrown when the Java Virtual Machine detects a circularity in the superclass hierarchy of a class being loaded.Thrown when the Java Virtual Machine attempts to read a class file and determines that the file is malformed or otherwise cannot be interpreted as a class file.AnError
is a subclass ofThrowable
that indicates serious problems that a reasonable application should not try to catch.Signals that an unexpected exception has occurred in a static initializer.Thrown if an application attempts to access or modify a field, or to call a method that it does not have access to.Thrown when an incompatible class change has occurred to some class definition.Thrown when an application tries to use the Javanew
construct to instantiate an abstract class or an interface.Thrown to indicate some unexpected internal error has occurred in the Java Virtual Machine.Subclasses ofLinkageError
indicate that a class has some dependency on another class; however, the latter class has incompatibly changed after the compilation of the former class.Thrown if the Java Virtual Machine or aClassLoader
instance tries to load in the definition of a class (as part of a normal method call or as part of creating a new instance using thenew
expression) and no definition of the class could be found.Thrown if an application tries to access or modify a specified field of an object, and that object no longer has that field.Thrown if an application tries to call a specified method of a class (either static or instance), and that class no longer has a definition of that method.Thrown when the Java Virtual Machine cannot allocate an object because it is out of memory, and no more memory could be made available by the garbage collector.Thrown when a stack overflow occurs because an application recurses too deeply.An instance ofThreadDeath
is thrown in the victim thread when the (deprecated)Thread.stop()
method is invoked.Thrown when an unknown but serious exception has occurred in the Java Virtual Machine.Thrown if the Java Virtual Machine cannot find an appropriate native-language definition of a method declarednative
.Thrown when the Java Virtual Machine attempts to read a class file and determines that the major and minor version numbers in the file are not supported.Thrown when the "verifier" detects that a class file, though well formed, contains some sort of internal inconsistency or security problem.Thrown to indicate that the Java Virtual Machine is broken or has run out of resources necessary for it to continue operating. -
Annotation InterfaceDescriptionA program element annotated
@Deprecated
is one that programmers are discouraged from using.An informative annotation type used to indicate that an interface type declaration is intended to be a functional interface as defined by the Java Language Specification.Indicates that a method declaration is intended to override a method declaration in a supertype.A programmer assertion that the body of the annotated method or constructor does not perform potentially unsafe operations on its varargs parameter.Indicates that the named compiler warnings should be suppressed in the annotated element (and in all program elements contained in the annotated element).